Package 'taylor' reference manual

Title:	Lyrics and Song Data for Taylor Swift's Discography
Description:	A comprehensive resource for data on Taylor Swift songs. Data is included for all officially released studio albums, extended plays (EPs), and individual singles are included. Data comes from 'Genius' (lyrics) and 'Spotify' (song characteristics). Additional functions are included for easily creating data visualizations with color palettes inspired by Taylor Swift's album covers.
Authors:	W. Jake Thompson [aut, cre, cph]
Maintainer:	W. Jake Thompson <[email protected]>
License:	MIT + file LICENSE
Version:	3.1.0.9000
Built:	2024-11-22 06:08:47 UTC
Source:	https://github.com/wjakethompson/taylor

Correct ordering of Taylor Swift's albums

Description

Easily create a factor variable for Taylor Swift's albums. Rather than specifying each album individually, you can use this shortcut vector that has already specified the ordering.

Usage

album_levels
album_levels

Format

A vector of length 15. Each element is an album name, in an order that can be used for making factor variables.

Details

Albums are listed in release order, with one notable exception. The "Taylor's Version" releases are list directly following the original. That is, Fearless (Taylor's Version) comes directly after Fearless, rather than after evermore, when it was released. This is because "Taylor's Version" is often a stand-in for the original, as in taylor_album_songs. Thus, it more often makes more sense for the album to be placed with the original, rather than in the actual release order.

Examples

library(ggplot2)
studio_albums <- subset(taylor_albums, !ep)

# by default, albums get plotted in alphabetical order
ggplot(studio_albums, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col()

# use `album_levels` to create a sensible factor variable
studio_albums$album_name <- factor(studio_albums$album_name,
                                   levels = album_levels)
ggplot(studio_albums, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col()
library(ggplot2)
studio_albums <- subset(taylor_albums, !ep)

# by default, albums get plotted in alphabetical order
ggplot(studio_albums, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col()

# use `album_levels` to create a sensible factor variable
studio_albums$album_name <- factor(studio_albums$album_name,
                                   levels = album_levels)
ggplot(studio_albums, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col()

Color palettes based on Taylor Swift's albums

Description

Premade color palettes based on Taylor Swifts album covers. For details on how to extend and shorten these palettes, or create your own color palette, see color_palette().

Usage

album_palettes

album_compare
album_palettes

album_compare

Format

A list of length 15. Each element contains a color palette for one of Taylor Swift's studio albums. The list elements are named according to the name of the album.

An object of class taylor_color_palette (inherits from vctrs_vctr, character) of length 15.

Source

Colors derived from album covers using 'Colormind'.

Examples

album_palettes

album_compare

album_palettes$evermore
album_palettes

album_compare

album_palettes$evermore

Create a custom color palette

Description

This creates a character vector that represents palettes so when it is printed, it displays the palette colors.

Usage

color_palette(pal = character(), n = length(pal))

is_color_palette(pal)
color_palette(pal = character(), n = length(pal))

is_color_palette(pal)

Arguments

`pal`	For `color_palette()`: A character vector of hexadecimal codes For `is_color_palette()`: An object to test
`n`	The number of colors

Value

A color palette object.

Examples

# use color_palette() to extend or shorten an existing palette
color_palette(album_palettes$lover, n = 10)

color_palette(album_palettes$fearless, n = 10)

color_palette(album_palettes$red, n = 3)

# you can also define your own color palette
(my_pal <- color_palette(pal = c("#264653", "#2A9D8F", "#E9C46A",
                                 "#F4A261", "#E76F51")))

# and then use that palette for plotting
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(faithfuld) +
  geom_tile(aes(waiting, eruptions, fill = density)) +
  scale_fill_gradientn(colours = my_pal) +
  theme_minimal()
# use color_palette() to extend or shorten an existing palette
color_palette(album_palettes$lover, n = 10)

color_palette(album_palettes$fearless, n = 10)

color_palette(album_palettes$red, n = 3)

# you can also define your own color palette
(my_pal <- color_palette(pal = c("#264653", "#2A9D8F", "#E9C46A",
                                 "#F4A261", "#E76F51")))

# and then use that palette for plotting
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(faithfuld) +
  geom_tile(aes(waiting, eruptions, fill = density)) +
  scale_fill_gradientn(colours = my_pal) +
  theme_minimal()

The Eras Tour Surprise Songs

Description

A data set containing all of the surprise songs played on The Eras Tour through the first North American leg of the tour.

Usage

eras_tour_surprise
eras_tour_surprise

Format

A tibble with 262 rows and 9 variables:

leg: The leg of the tour (e.g., North America, South America, etc.).
date: The date of the show in ISO 8601 format (yyyy-mm-dd).
city: The location of the show. For US shows, the location is the city and state. For international shows, the location is the city and country.
night: The show number within each city.
dress: The color of the dress Taylor wore on the given night.
instrument: The instrument used to play the song (guitar or piano).
song: The track name of the primary surprise song.
mashup: Additional songs included in a mashup with the primary song.
guest: The special guest (if any) that joined Taylor to play the song.

Taylor Swift colour scales based on album cover palettes

Description

Taylor Swift colour scales based on album cover palettes

Usage

scale_colour_taylor_d(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_color_taylor_d(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_fill_taylor_d(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  aesthetics = "fill"
)

scale_colour_taylor_c(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "colourbar",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_color_taylor_c(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "colourbar",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_fill_taylor_c(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "colourbar",
  aesthetics = "fill"
)

scale_colour_taylor_b(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "coloursteps",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_color_taylor_b(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "coloursteps",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_fill_taylor_b(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "coloursteps",
  aesthetics = "fill"
)
scale_colour_taylor_d(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_color_taylor_d(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_fill_taylor_d(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  aesthetics = "fill"
)

scale_colour_taylor_c(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "colourbar",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_color_taylor_c(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "colourbar",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_fill_taylor_c(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "colourbar",
  aesthetics = "fill"
)

scale_colour_taylor_b(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "coloursteps",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_color_taylor_b(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "coloursteps",
  aesthetics = "colour"
)

scale_fill_taylor_b(
  ...,
  alpha = 1,
  begin = 0,
  end = 1,
  direction = 1,
  album = "Lover",
  values = NULL,
  space = "Lab",
  na.value = "grey50",
  guide = "coloursteps",
  aesthetics = "fill"
)

Arguments

`...`	Other arguments passed on to `ggplot2::discrete_scale()`, `ggplot2::continuous_scale()`, or `ggplot2::binned_scale()` to control name, limits, breaks, labels and so forth.
`alpha`	The alpha transparency, a number in [0,1], see argument alpha in `hsv`.
`begin`, `end`	The (corrected) hue in `⁠[0,1]⁠` at which the color map begins and ends.
`direction`	Sets the order of colors in the scale. If 1, the default, colors are ordered from darkest to lightest. If -1, the order of colors is reversed.
`album`	A character string indicating the album that should be used for the palette.
`aesthetics`	Character string or vector of character strings listing the name(s) of the aesthetic(s) that this scale works with. This can be useful, for example, to apply colour settings to the `colour` and `fill` aesthetics at the same time, via `aesthetics = c("colour", "fill")`.
`values`	if colours should not be evenly positioned along the gradient this vector gives the position (between 0 and 1) for each colour in the `colours` vector. See `rescale()` for a convenience function to map an arbitrary range to between 0 and 1.
`space`	colour space in which to calculate gradient. Must be "Lab" - other values are deprecated.
`na.value`	Missing values will be replaced with this value.
`guide`	A function used to create a guide or its name. See `guides()` for more information.

Value

A color scale for use in plots created with ggplot2::ggplot().

Examples

# use taylor_d with discrete data
library(ggplot2)
(p <- ggplot(taylor_album_songs, aes(x = valence, y = energy)) +
   geom_point(aes(color = mode_name), size = 2) +
   theme_bw())
p + scale_color_taylor_d()

# change scale label
p + scale_fill_taylor_d("Mode of Track")

# select album palette to use, see ?taylor::album_palettes for more details
lover <- subset(taylor_album_songs, album_name == "Lover")
(p <- ggplot(lover, aes(x = valence, y = track_name)) +
   geom_col(aes(fill = track_name)) +
   theme_minimal())
p + scale_fill_taylor_d(album = "Lover")
p + scale_fill_taylor_d(album = "evermore")

# use taylor_c with continuous data
(p <- ggplot(taylor_album_songs, aes(valence, energy)) +
   geom_point(aes(color = danceability)) +
   theme_minimal())
p + scale_color_taylor_c(album = "Fearless")
p + scale_color_taylor_c(album = "folklore")
# use taylor_d with discrete data
library(ggplot2)
(p <- ggplot(taylor_album_songs, aes(x = valence, y = energy)) +
   geom_point(aes(color = mode_name), size = 2) +
   theme_bw())
p + scale_color_taylor_d()

# change scale label
p + scale_fill_taylor_d("Mode of Track")

# select album palette to use, see ?taylor::album_palettes for more details
lover <- subset(taylor_album_songs, album_name == "Lover")
(p <- ggplot(lover, aes(x = valence, y = track_name)) +
   geom_col(aes(fill = track_name)) +
   theme_minimal())
p + scale_fill_taylor_d(album = "Lover")
p + scale_fill_taylor_d(album = "evermore")

# use taylor_c with continuous data
(p <- ggplot(taylor_album_songs, aes(valence, energy)) +
   geom_point(aes(color = danceability)) +
   theme_minimal())
p + scale_color_taylor_c(album = "Fearless")
p + scale_color_taylor_c(album = "folklore")

Taylor Swift colour scale for album comparisons

Description

A convenience wrapper for comparing albums with color. In contrast to scale_fill_taylor_d() and scale_colour_taylor_d(), scale_fill_albums() and scale_colour_albums() use a single palette, with one color per album. Specifically, the album_compare palette is used to apply a color associated with each album.

Usage

scale_fill_albums(
  ...,
  aesthetics = "fill",
  breaks = waiver(),
  limits = force,
  na.value = NA
)

scale_colour_albums(
  ...,
  aesthetics = "colour",
  breaks = waiver(),
  limits = force,
  na.value = NA
)

scale_color_albums(
  ...,
  aesthetics = "colour",
  breaks = waiver(),
  limits = force,
  na.value = NA
)
scale_fill_albums(
  ...,
  aesthetics = "fill",
  breaks = waiver(),
  limits = force,
  na.value = NA
)

scale_colour_albums(
  ...,
  aesthetics = "colour",
  breaks = waiver(),
  limits = force,
  na.value = NA
)

scale_color_albums(
  ...,
  aesthetics = "colour",
  breaks = waiver(),
  limits = force,
  na.value = NA
)

Arguments

`...`	Other arguments to be passed to `ggplot2::discrete_scale()`
`aesthetics`	The names of the aesthetics that this scale works with.
`breaks`	One of: `NULL` for no breaks `waiver()` for the default breaks (the scale limits) A character vector of breaks A function that takes the limits as input and returns breaks as output. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.
`limits`	One of: `NULL` to use the default scale values A character vector that defines possible values of the scale and their order A function that accepts the existing (automatic) values and returns new ones. Also accepts rlang lambda function notation.
`na.value`	If `na.translate = TRUE`, what aesthetic value should the missing values be displayed as? Does not apply to position scales where `NA` is always placed at the far right.

Value

A color scale for use in plots created with ggplot2::ggplot().

Examples

library(ggplot2)
studio <- subset(taylor_albums, !is.na(metacritic_score))

# create a plot that we want to color or fill by album
ggplot(studio, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill = album_name))

# apply a color inspired by each album cover
ggplot(studio, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill = album_name)) +
  scale_fill_albums()

# even when the axis or levels are rearranged, the correct color is applied
studio$album_name <- factor(studio$album_name, levels = album_levels)
ggplot(studio, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill = album_name)) +
  scale_fill_albums()
library(ggplot2)
studio <- subset(taylor_albums, !is.na(metacritic_score))

# create a plot that we want to color or fill by album
ggplot(studio, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill = album_name))

# apply a color inspired by each album cover
ggplot(studio, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill = album_name)) +
  scale_fill_albums()

# even when the axis or levels are rearranged, the correct color is applied
studio$album_name <- factor(studio$album_name, levels = album_levels)
ggplot(studio, aes(x = metacritic_score, y = album_name)) +
  geom_col(aes(fill = album_name)) +
  scale_fill_albums()

Data for Taylor Swift's studio albums and EPs

Description

A data set containing the names of Taylor's official releases, the album type, and release date.

Usage

taylor_albums
taylor_albums

Format

A tibble with 17 rows and 5 variables:

album_name: The name of the album. NA if the song was released separately from one of Taylor's studio albums or EPs.
ep: Logical. Is the album a full studio album (FALSE) or an extended play (TRUE).
album_release: The date the album was released, in the ISO-8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD).
metacritic_score: The official album rating from metacritic.
user_score: The user rating from metacritic.

Details

This data set includes all official studio albums and EPs with new tracks. This means that compilations or EPs that are a subset of the original albums are not included (e.g., folklore: the escapism chapter, folklore: the sleepless nights chapter, etc.)

Source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Swift_albums_discography

https://www.metacritic.com/person/taylor-swift

Data for Taylor Swift songs

Description

A data set containing lyrics to, and characteristics of, all officially released Taylor Swift songs. This includes albums, EPs, and individually released singles.

Usage

taylor_all_songs

taylor_album_songs
taylor_all_songs

taylor_album_songs

Format

taylor_all_songs is a tibble with 364 rows and 29 variables. Each row is one song.

album_name: The name of the album. NA if the song was released separately from one of Taylor's studio albums or EPs.
ep: Logical. Is the album a full studio album (FALSE) or an extended play (TRUE).
album_release: The date the album was released, in the ISO-8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD).
track_number: The order of the song on the album or EP.
track_name: The name of the song.
artist: The name of the song artist. Usually Taylor Swift, but will show other artists for songs that Taylor is only featured on.
featuring: Any artists that are featured on the track.
bonus_track: Logical. Is the track only present on a deluxe edition of the album (TRUE) or is does it also appear on the standard version (FALSE).
promotional_release: The date the song was released as a promotional single, in the ISO-8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD).. NA if the song was never released as a promotional single.
single_release: The date the song was released as an official single, in the ISO-8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD). NA if the song was never released as an official single.
track_release: The date the song was first publicly released. This is the earliest of album_release, promotional_release, and single_release.

The next set of variables come from the Spotify API. See the documentation at https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference/ for complete details.

danceability: How suitable a track is for dancing. 0.0 = least danceable, 1.0 = most danceable.
energy: Perceptual measure of intensity and activity. 0.0 = least energy, 1.0 = most energy.
key: The key the track is in. Integer maps to standard Pitch Class notation.
loudness: Loudness of track in decibels (dB), averaged across the track.
mode: Modality of a track (major/minor). 0 = minor, 1 = major.
speechiness: The presence of spoken words in a track. Values above 0.66 indicate that the track is probably made entirely of spoken words. Values between 0.33 and 0.66 indicate both music and speech. Values less than 0.33 indicate the track is probably music or other non-speech tracks.
acousticness: Confidence that the track is acoustic. 0.0 = low confidence, 1.0 = high confidence.
instrumentalness: Confidence that the track is an instrumental track (i.e., no vocals). 0.0 = low confidence, 1.0 = high confidence.
liveness: Confidence that the track is a live recording (i.e., an audience is present). 0.0 = low confidence, 1.0 = high confidence.
valence: Musical positiveness conveyed by the track. 0.0 = low valence (e.g., sad, depressed, angry), 1.0 = high valence (e.g., happy, cheerful, euphoric).
tempo: Estimated tempo of the track in beats per minute (BPM).
time_signature: Estimated overall time signature.
duration_ms: Duration of the track in milliseconds.
explicit: Logical. Does the track contain explicit lyrics (TRUE) or not (FALSE).

Finally, the last set of variables includes those calculated from the Spotify API data, and a list-column containing song lyrics.

key_name: Corresponds directly to the key, but the integer is converted to the key name using Pitch Class notation (e.g., 0 becomes C).
mode_name: Corresponds directly to the mode, but the integer is converted to the mode name (e.g., 0 becomes minor).
key_mode: A combination of the key_name and mode_name variables (e.g., ⁠C minor⁠).
lyrics: A list-column containing the lyrics to each song. The lyrics can be unnested with tidyr::unnest() (i.e., tidyr::unnest(taylor_all_songs, lyrics)). Each element is a data frame with 4 variables. :
- line: The line number of the song.
- lyric: The lyric for the given line.
- element: The element of the song the line and lyric belong to, as defined by https://genius.com/ (e.g., ⁠Verse 1⁠, Chorus, etc.).
- element_artist: The artist performing the element. Usually ⁠Taylor Swift⁠, but other artists appear if they are featured on the track (e.g., HAIM is featured on no body, no crime).

taylor_album_songs is a tibble containing the same 29 variables, but only with 240 rows, one for each song from an official studio album (see Details).

Details

taylor_all_songs contains all songs in Taylor's discography. Lyrics come from Genius, and songs characteristics come from the Spotify API. Some data is known to be missing. The Beautiful Eyes EP is not available on any streaming service, and therefore has no data from the Spotify API. Similarly, the song American Girl, a cover of the Tom Petty original, was released exclusively on Rhapsody (now Napster), and therefore also does not have data from the Spotify API.

For songs released separately from Taylor's official albums or EPs, album information is not included. For example, I Don't Wanna Live Forever was released as part of the Fifty Shades Darker movie soundtrack. However, the album_name column for this song is NA, indicating that it does not appear on one of Taylor's albums.

Songs are only included one time. For example, if a song appears on both the standard and deluxe version of an album, there is only one record of the song in the data set. Similarly, compilations are not included. For example, following the release of folklore, Taylor released several EPs that were subsets of the original folklore album (e.g., folklore: the escapism chapter, folklore: the sleepless nights chapter, etc.). These are not included. Finally, all bonus tracks (with the exception of voice memos or similar) are included; however, for consistency, the album name is always the shortened, common name. For example, the lakes is a bonus track from folklore (deluxe edition), but the album_name is listed only as folklore. The bonus_track variable can be used to determine which songs appeared on the standard version of an album vs. a deluxe or platinum edition.

taylor_album_songs contains the same information as taylor_all_songs, but only for Taylor's official studio albums. Thus, taylor_album_songs is a subset of taylor_all_songs, with EPs and individual singles excluded. Critically, this subset also only includes versions owned by Taylor when possible, because we stan artists owning their own work. This means that although both Fearless and Fearless (Taylor's Version) appear in the full taylor_all_songs data, only Fearless (Taylor's Version) appears in this subset. This also means that this data set will change as additional re-releases are made available (i.e., Red was replaced with Red (Taylor's Version) in version 1.0.0).

Source

https://genius.com/artists/Taylor-swift

https://open.spotify.com/artist/06HL4z0CvFAxyc27GXpf02

Convert string to title case

Description

Capitalize the first letter of each word, and convert the remaining string to lower case.

Usage

title_case(string)
title_case(string)

Arguments

string

String to modify.

Value

A character string with the first letter of each word capitalized.

Examples

title_case("taylor swift")
title_case("Taylor Swift")
title_case("TAYLOR SWIFT")
title_case("taylor swift")
title_case("Taylor Swift")
title_case("TAYLOR SWIFT")

Translate a friendship bracelet

Description

Receive a friendship bracelet at the Eras Tour but can't figure out what lyrics the bracelet has abbreviated? Now you can find out!

Usage

translate_bracelet(abbr)
translate_bracelet(abbr)

Arguments

abbr

The abbreviated lyrics (i.e., the first letter of each word).

Value

A character vector with the name of the song and the abbreviated line.

Examples

translate_bracelet("bykmosftvfw")

translate_bracelet("kimbkiagkitbimhotw")
translate_bracelet("bykmosftvfw")

translate_bracelet("kimbkiagkitbimhotw")

Package 'taylor'

Help Index

Correct ordering of Taylor Swift's albums

Description

Usage

Format

Details

Examples

Color palettes based on Taylor Swift's albums

Description

Usage

Format

Source

See Also

Examples

Create a custom color palette

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

The Eras Tour Surprise Songs

Description

Usage

Format

Taylor Swift colour scales based on album cover palettes

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Taylor Swift colour scale for album comparisons

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Data for Taylor Swift's studio albums and EPs

Description

Usage

Format

Details

Source

Data for Taylor Swift songs

Description

Usage

Format

Details

Source

Convert string to title case

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples

Translate a friendship bracelet

Description

Usage

Arguments

Value

Examples